However, the field gradually evolved, and presently it is the use or manipulation of living organisms to produce beneficiary substances which may have medical, agricultural, and/or industrial utilization. The biotechnology came into being centuries ago when plants and animals began to be selectively bred and microorganisms were used to make beer, wine, cheese, and bread. , as well as the ethical and safety issues associated with some of the products. In this chapter the readers will understand the potential applications of biotechnology in several fields like production of medicines diagnostics therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, and gene therapy (white) biotechnology, marine (blue) biotechnology, food biotechnology, and environmentalīiotechnology (Fig. The main subfields of biotechnology are medical (red) biotechnology, agricultural It is an amalgamation of biological science with engineering whereby living organisms or cells or parts are used for production of products and services. Biotechnology is a diverse field which involves either working with living cells or using molecules derived from them for applications oriented toward human welfare using varied types of tools and technologies.
” was coined by a Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky, in 1919, to refer to the science and methods that permit products to be produced from raw materials with the aid of living organisms. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. These are important in defining laws governing the feasibility and approval for the conduct of particular research. As with every research area, the field of biotechnology is associated with many ethical issues and unseen fears. Marine biotechnology explores the products which can be obtained from aquatic organisms. The technological advancements have focused on development of alternate, renewable, and sustainable energy sources for production of biofuels. The increase in crop productivity for solving world food and feed problem is addressed in agricultural biotechnology. The development of insect and pest resistant crops and herbicide tolerant crops has greatly reduced the environmental load of toxic insecticides and pesticides. Bioremediation process utilizes use of natural or recombinant organisms for the cleanup of environmental toxic pollutants. It has also impacted the environment which is loaded by toxic compounds due to human industrialization and urbanization. In this chapter, the readers would understand the applications of biotechnology in human health care system. Personalized medicine is increasingly recognized in healthcare system. It has revolutionized diagnostics and therapeutics however, the major challenges to the human beings have been threats posed by deadly virus infections as avian flu, Chikungunya, Ebola, Influenza A, SARS, West Nile, and the latest Zika virus. It has wide range of uses and is termed “technology of hope” which impact human health, well being of other life forms and our environment.
The technology is known since years which involves working with cells or cell-derived molecules for various applications. Biotechnology is multidisciplinary field which has major impact on our lives.
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